Ingrain carpet fabric



2. .fu n v e h ,S w e e h S 3 C. I KTM CA IF Wm DP Rm AG HN. .M HR nu NI M D nu .m m e p rw Patented Sept. 26, 1893.l

3513 @Hoang/y (Specimens.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. H. HARDWIGK.

INGRAIN CARPET FABRIC. No. 505,789. Patented Sept. 26, 1893.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY HARDVVICK, CF THOMPSONVILLE, CONNECTICUT.

INGRAIN CARPET FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 505,789, datedSeptember 26, 1893.

Application tiled May 2l, 1891. Serial No. 393,556. (Specimens.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY HARDWIOK, a citizen of the United States,residing at Thompsonville, in the county of Hartford and State ofConnecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inIngrain Carpet Fabrics, which improvement is fully set forth in thefollowing specification and accompanying drawings, which form a parthereof.

The invention relates to ingrain carpet fabrics and it has for itsobject to increase the range of design and color effects attainable onthe face and back of such a carpet andat the same time to retain much ofthe economy and the close woven structure of two-ply ingrain carpetassociated with the greater thickness of three-ply ingrain carpets and asolid homogeneous structure in parts associated with embossing effectsor raised effects in the pattern.

The fabric embodying my invention has two faces formed of interwovenwarp threads and weft threads,and all the said warp threads throughoutone set or unit of the structure are confined to one or the other ofsaid faces.

--while in the bag-weave portions said intervening weft threads floatbetween the faces.

The accompanying drawings illustrate diagrammatically the interweavingof the threads in a piece of fabric embodying my invention in one of thebest forms of embodi ment known to me.

Figure 1 shows a cross section or section cut across parallel to theweft threads of the fabric. Figs. 2 to 13, inclusive, show' longitudinalsections or sections cut longitudinally parallel to the warp threads ofthe different eifects represented in Fig. l, each figureshowing two setsof weft threads. Fig.,2r`=shows the Iirsteffect `ot' Fig. 1, Fig. 3 thesecond, Fig. 4.

the third and so on in regular order, Fig. 13 showing the twelfth elfectof Fig. 1.

In my improved fabric I employ figuring Warp threads and Vfiguring weftthreads.

My broad invention contemplates the employment of figuring weft threadsin sets of six or more in a set, departing from the twoply ingrainfabric in that respect; and contemplates the employment of warp threadsless in number in a set than the weft threads. When my entire inventionis embodied I employ the weft threads in sets of eight in a set, and thewarp threads in sets of fonrin a set.

Referring to the particular fabric illustrated in the drawings the weftthreads are represented in Fig. l each by a single line in v thedrawings and are numbered in the order of their introduction in theweaving 1, 2, 3, 4., 5, 6, 7, and 8. In this figure the warp threads arerepresented in section by the circles andl their colors by the characterof circle according to the key-chart. for warps.

In Figs. 2 to 13 inclusive, the weft threads are represented in sectionby circles numbered to correspond with Fig. l', and the warp threads arerepresented by lines lettered w, b, o and fr, respectively, to indicatethe warp threads represented in Fig. 1 as having thecolors white, black,orange and red, respectively. It is of course to be understood that` anysuitable colors may be employed, and that those represented. in thedrawings are simply for purposes of illustration. The drawings aremerely intended to indicate the `method of interweaving and not therelative sizes of the warp and weft threads nor their exact relativepositions in the finished fabric after the beating up. In practice, ofcourse, the wefts are ordinarily heavier than the warps. This is to someextent indicated by the relative dimensions of the circlesI representingthe sections of weft threads in Figs. 2 to 13, inclusive and thoserepresenting the warp threads in Fig. 1. l l The dotted vertical linesin all the figures separate the complete sets of threads from eachother. In Fig. 1 eacharrangement of these complete sets is duplicatedonce in order to show it more clearly, with a slight change in thewarping in each case, and there- IOC the lower ply in Fign3, r andbbeing in the lower ply in Fig. 2 and in the upper ply in Fig. 3. Theseresemblances and differences will be observed throughout the remainingpairs of figures. the arrangement of. weft threads is the same in Figs.8 and 9 as in Figs. 12 and 13, the

weft threads 1 and 5 being in Vthe lower face or ply, and the weftthreads 4 and 8 being in the upper face or ply in all four figures. :Thedifferences llie kin the-arrangements of warp threads.l :For instancethe warp thread win Fig. 8..-shows upon. the. upperface of the fabriccovering the weft thread 4, while in F-ig.12 it is-a1so;npon theupperffacebutcovering the weft thread 82; in,y Fig. .9; upon thelowerface andy coveringy the weftthread 5, and in Fig. 13e` alsouponath'ezlower face but. covering: the Wefnthread 1.; Again,.the warpthread ris infthefnpper. face .or ply .in f Figs; 8y and 13, Wzhile:it,is';in the lower face or ply inFigs-.Q andy12. --Itzis'to beobserved.also thatin the arrangement sho'wn in Figs. 10 an'df11,v'ery nearlythesame. color,l effect is shown upon the upper. face-ofthe fabric as inFigs. 8 and 9,. .12? and 13, (thef same wefts beingexposed coveredhowever -bydierent warps).althongh the fabric-isA shown'asy bag-weave inFigs. 8 and 2, 12fand-1'3,and:solid weavein Figs. l0 and 1.1.y It -isunderstood of course,th'at each arrangement may :be: continued asilong.- inthe weaving asis required-.iv z f 1 The drawings showu sixdierent arrangements that m'ay be usedfin lthe pattern. Three of:these/arrangements .forma solidl'or homogeneousweave, and arerepresented in Fig.= -1- as 4the first, third andifth, beginning atqtheleft,v and' are separately. represented `in Eigs.,2iand3,-6 :and77,1andzfl0 and 11. .The other three forman open or vba-weave, andarefrepresentedfinFig. l as the second, fourth andysiXth,l beginning at`they left,.\1and"are separatelyrepresented in Figs. 4 and', 8 and95:'2iUdgl-2-/Udl3. .1. f 'i f 2 It will.. be noted that throughout thedifferentfsetsrepresentedin the drawings thereis always atleastionefweft thread lioating -in'the centerof the fabric between theplies: In the setrepresentedyin Figs. 2 and 3,-therearethreeoftheseiwefts numbered 2,16 and:Y 7, re-A spectively between theplies, inv Figs. ,4, 5,*6 andqythcre are twowefts of aset .between theplies, in Figs. 10 and 1l there is lbut vone weftofa set between the.plies, While in Figs.

8, 9,112 and 13, there are fourwefts of a set between the plies. It willalso be noted that at-least,two oft-he weft threads are'finter-l wovenwith: warpthreads :to form each face ofthe fabric."` `Thusin thearrangement shown in Figs. 2 and 3 there are two weft It is to be notedalso thatthreads (1 and 5) interwoven in the upper ply, two other weftthreads (4 and 8) interwoven in the'lower ply, land one weft thread (3,see also Fig. 1) interwoven in both plies, and passing from one ply tothe other, thus binding the two faces or plies together. In thearrangement shown in Figs. 4 and 5, there "are two we'fts (2 and 6)interwoven in the npper ply, and four wefts (3, 4, 7 and 8) inter-;wovenin the'lower ply. In Fig. 6 there are two wefts (3 and 7)interwoven in the upper ply, two wefts (2 and 6) interwoven in the lowerply, and two wefts (1 and 5, see also Fig. 1) interwoven in both pliesand serving to bind thetwo faces or plies together. In the arrangementshown in Figs. 8 and 9, there are two wefts (4 and 8)interwoven inthe'npper ply, and twowefts (land 5) interwoven in the lowerply.;`v'Ihis'isalso true: of the arrangementf'shown iin` Figs-w12 and' 13.Inthearran'gement shown' in Figs'. lOan'dl'l there aret-wo'wefts (4and=8) interwoven in the upperfply,=three -wefts(1, 5 andf) interwoveninthe lower ply,=`and two wefts (3;and 7) interwoven inf-both plies andservingfto bind the two plies or faces together.

-In the firstlarrangeinentE shown'-1 in Fig. 1, (also 'separately shownin' Figs; `2f and '3) Vthe face: isI formed offwefts 1- and 5 spotted'with weft'3, and of-warp'sw and 0 in one-part,"an`d warps bandr intheother-partir *The back isfformed of wefts 4' and -8spott'ed with weft 3,andiofzwarpsb and r in one-part, andf-'warps w-andio inthe other parti*Weftsf2,6land17 float inthe center of #the fabricbet-wee'n the two:lfaces, andi'are notthere interwovenw'ith the warp threads but lie loose.Weft 3 however bind's .the fabric asa whole down into a solid'andhomogeneou's fabric. 'lnfth'e second arrangement (separately: shownin Figs'ftan'd 5)"t'l1e face is formed of' wefts '6 a-nd2,*la'ndv ofwarps wand r inonepart, and'warps-' and o'finlthet other part.lThe'baick' is'formedffof weftsf3iand4and 7 and f8, andof vwarpsb and 0in .one part and warps w and r in the' other part. ^Wefts 1 andl floatin thecen-ter-bel tween thet'wo faces,andgarenot'thererinterL Woven withthe warp threads butflieA loose. Similarly, thethirdarrangement(separately shownffin Figs and 7)' has A-theweft threads7fand=3-with`5 an'dlon the facefand 2 andG with I5 and 1 on-'thebach-and "warp threads as= indicated inl the'fidrawings. \Th'e`"weftthreads 5-and 1*'bindtheffabricat this place into adsolidandhomogeneousfa'bricw Sol-in the-fifth arrangement (Figs'.' 10and 11) thefabric issolidlan'dfhomogeneous, beingbou'nd together by the weftthreads 3 and-7:Al Inthe fourthi(Figs. 8-and 9)-and-six'th(Figs. 1-2Iand13).: arrangements shown; four' of theeiglrt weftsvlioat in the'centeizAt t-hese plac'esin the fabric, by reason of the open or bag-weave andthe presence ofthe oating'wefts inthe center, the pattern Vwill presentan embossed IIC or raisedapp'earancestanding out f-rornthe surroundingparts.I "Thisisfan important' feature of my invention and will be foundto greatlyadd to the beauty and variety of the patterns that can beproduced.- In the second arrangement (Figs. t and 5) where only two ofthe eight wefts float in the center, the embossing or raised effect isnot quite so marked but is still present.

It is my purpose in practically applying the invention to goods wovenfor the market to weave the great bulk of the goods into the solid andhomogeneous fabric illustrated in the first, third and fiftharrangements shown in the drawings, and to weave only small portionsinto the open or bag-weave fabric illustrated in the second, fourth andsixth arrange ments shown in the drawings, reserving the latter forsmaller and special or more important parts of the pattern thatare to begiven prominence. This causes the fabric as a whole to be largely asolid fabric mechanically (thereby adding toits wearing qualities) andto be largely a ground or setting for the embossed or raised partsaesthetically (thereby adding to its beauty).

In the diagrams successive sets of thread are separated by dotted lines,but it should be understood that the arrangementof threads in any setmay be repeated in the pattern as often as desired; and my improvedWeave may be used in a portion or portions only of fabric, if desired.

Many-other arrangements may be employed in the pattern by the skilleddesigner and weaver, not necessary to be here specifically shown, eachpresenting on the face a dierent color effect, and each forming either asolid or homogeneous fabric tied together by weft threads of each set inthe homogeneous portions, or an open or bag-weave fabric with one ormore weft threads floating in the fabric between the faces.

My present invention is not limited to the i particular warping ormethod of interweaving the warp threads shown in the drawings, nor tothe particular arrangement of the weft threads there shown, as these maybe greatly varied without departing from my invention.

It has not been deemed necessary in this specification to give adetailed descriptionof the successive changes in the operation of theloom involvedrin the production of a fabric such as that describedherein. The mechanism must be such as to operate the warp threads in theway desired to produce the fabric described, and suitable forms of suchmechanism may readilybe devised on an understanding of the fabricitself.

The advantages of this fabric can be well explained upon considerationof a single set or any number of repetitions of the same set, first, inthe solid weave portions, then in the bag weave portions. In the solidweave portions both surfaces are closely woven, are in fact as closelywoven as in the bag weave portions of two-ply carpet, being composed ofwarp threads distributed through the two faces or face plies of thecarpet and each confined to one ply, and also of some of the weftthreads similarly confined to one ply, these warps and wefts beinginterwoven in their respective plies and forming in fact single cloths,and these` faces or plies are tied together by some of the remainingweft l threads into a homogeneous fabric. `This tying together of thefabric by weft threads does not therefore interfere with the closelywoven character of the faces of the fabric.

There are in this homogeneous portion weft" fabric there is 4the sameclose weaving of the surfaces by warps and wefts interwoven in theirrespective plies as in the solid weave portions. There are floating weftthreads cushioning the surface plies, but as the fabi ric is in theseportions not tied together "by either warp or weft threads thesefloating threads hold the plies slightly apart, produc ing embossedeffects in contrast with the homogeneous portions of the fabric. Thus myimprovement securesa closely woven web" for each face or exposed surfaceof the goods. It also secures a fabric that is softer to the tread thaneither two-ply or three-ply carpet, and yet has in all its surfaces theclosely woven character of the bag-weave portions of two-ply carpet, andbesides has greater color and design possibilities than either thetwo-ply or three-ply carpet, and also has embossed effects in portionsof the pattern in contrast to other portions of the fabric.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is 1. Aningrain carpet fabric consisting of figuring weft threads and figuringwarp threads, the warps being arranged in sets having a less number ofthreads in a set than the weft threads, said fabric having some of theweft threads of each set interwoven with some of the warp threads at oneside of thel fabric to form one face of the fabric, some of theremaining weft threads of each set being interwoven with the remaininglwarp threads to form the other face of the fabric, the fabric being insome parts a solid and homogeneous fabric tied together by some of theweft threads in each set of weft threads in such homogeneous part of thefabric, and the fabric being in other partsan open or bagweave fabrichaving one or more weft threads eight in a set and figuring warp threadsar n ranged in sets of four in a set, some of the weft threads of eachset being interwoven with two of the warp threads of each set toA formone face of the fabric, some of the remaining weft threads of each setbeing interwoven with the two remaining warp thrueads IOO IIO

of a set to form the other face of the fabric, threads oating betweenthe faces in :such the fcbric being .in ,some parts e solid .andbag-Weave portions, .substantially/,as KVand for homogeneous fabric tiedtogether by some of the purpose set forth.

the weft threads in each set of weft threads HARRY HA-RDW-IOK. 5 in suchhomogeneous part of the fabric, and Witnesses:

the fabric being in other `parts an open or WILLIS GOWDY,

bag-Weaye 4fabric having one or ,in orel yweft H. L. VIETTS.

